League of Fans

Sources: FieldOfSchemes.com, National Sports Law Institute of Marquette University Law School's "Sports Facility Reports", Cato Institute, ballparks.com, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City and wire and newspaper reports published on or before September 12, 2003.

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Number of major professional (MLB, NFL, NBA, NHL) sports stadiums and arenas constructed from 1990-present:
63 (31 stadiums and 32 arenas, with 4 of the arenas located in Canada)

Number of major professional sports stadiums and arenas significantly renovated from 1990-present:
12 (8 stadiums and 4 arenas)

Number out of the 75 total construction/renovation projects from 1990-present that used less than 25% public subsidies for completion:
18 (4 stadiums and 14 arenas, with 4 of the arenas located in Canada)

Total cost of the 70 construction/renovation projects:
$17.312 billion

Total public subsidy for the 70 construction/renovation projects:
$10.374 billion, 60% of total

Total cost of the 39 stadium construction/renovation projects:
$10.822 billion

Total public subsidy for the 39 stadium construction/renovation projects:
$7.381 billion, 68% of total

Total cost of the 36 arena construction/renovation projects:
$6.310 billion

Total public subsidy for the 35 arena construction/renovation projects:
$2.993 billion, 47% of total

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Major League Baseball
245 Park Avenue, 31st floor, New York, NY 10167
Commissioner: Allan H. "Bud" Selig
tel (212) 931-7800 / fax (212) 949-8634

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(listed alphabetically by franchise)

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Anaheim Angels
2000 Gene Autry Way, Anaheim, CA 92806
Primary Owner: Arturo Moreno
tel (714) 634-2000 / fax (714) 940-2001

Edison International Field of Anaheim (Opened in 1966, Renovated in 1998)

Total Cost of Renovation:
$117 million

City Public Subsidy:
$30 million, 26% of total (hotel and rental car tax, gate and concession tax, general fund)

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Arizona Diamondbacks
Bank One Ballpark, 401 E. Jefferson Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004
Primary Owner: Jerry J. Colangelo
tel (602) 462-6500 / fax (602) 462-6600

Bank One Ballpark (Opened in 1998)

Total Cost:
$355 million

County Public Subsidy:
$270 million, 76% of total (sales tax, gate and concession tax)

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Atlanta Braves
755 Hank Aaron Drive, Atlanta, GA 30315
Primary Owners: AOL Time Warner
tel (404) 577-9100 / fax (404) 614-1391

Turner Field (Opened in 1997)

Total Cost:
$235 million

No Significant Public Subsidy*

* The original stadium was built for the 1996 Summer Olympics with a taxpayer subsidy of $209 million. After the games, it was converted into a baseball stadium. The Braves paid for the $235 million conversion.

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Baltimore Orioles
Oriole Park at Camden Yards, 333 W. Camden Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
Primary Owner: Peter G. Angelos
tel (410) 685-9800 / fax (410) 547-6277

Oriole Park at Camden Yards (Opened in 1992)

Total Cost:
$235 million

State Public Subsidy:
$226 million, 96% of total (lottery proceeds)

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Chicago White Sox
U.S. Cellular Field, 333 W. 35th Street, Chicago, IL 60616
Primary Owner: Jerry Reinsdorf
tel (312) 674-1000 / fax (312) 674-5116

U.S. Cellular Field (Opened in 1991)

Total Cost:
$150 million

State Public Subsidy:
$150 million, 100% of total (hotel tax)

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Cincinnati Reds
100 Cinergy Field, Cincinnati, OH 45202
Primary Owner: Carl H. Lindner
tel (513) 421-4510 / fax (513) 421-7342

Great American Ballpark (Opened in 2003)

Total Cost:
$361 million

County Public Subsidy:
$300 million, 83% of total (sales tax)

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Cleveland Indians
Jacobs Field, 2401 Ontario Street, Cleveland, OH 44115
Primary Owner: Lawrence J. Dolan
tel (216) 420-4636 / fax (216) 420-4430

Jacobs Field (Opened in 1994)

Total Cost:
$173 million

County Public Subsidy:
$152 million, 88% of total (alcohol and tobacco tax, gate and concession tax)

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Colorado Rockies
2001 Blake Street, Denver, CO 80205-2000
Primary Owners: Group led by Jerry D. McMorris
tel (303) 292-0200 / fax (303) 312-2116

Coors Field (Opened in 1995)

Total Cost:
$215 million

Multi-County Public Subsidy:
$161 million, 75% of total (sales tax)

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Detroit Tigers
Comerica Park, 2100 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201
Primary Owners: Mike and Marian Ilitch
tel (313) 471-2000 / fax (313) 471-2560

Comerica Park (Opened in 2000)

Total Cost:
$290 million

County Public Subsidy:
$145 million, 50% of total (hotel and rental car tax, casino revenue tax)

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Houston Astros
Union Station at Enron Field,, 501 Crawford, Ste. 400, Houston, TX 77002
Primary Owner: Drayton McLane
tel (713) 259-8000 / fax (713) 259-8025

Minute Maid Park (Opened in 2000)

Total Cost:
$266 million

County Public Subsidy:
$180 million, 67% of total (hotels and rental car tax)

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Milwaukee Brewers
Miller Park, One Brewers Way, Milwaukee, WI 53214
Primary Owner: Wendy Selig-Prieb
tel (414) 933-4114 / fax (414) 933-5474

Miller Park (Opened in 2001)

Total Cost:
$414 million

City, County, State Public Subsidy:
$324 million, 78% of total (sales tax and general fund)

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Oakland A's
7677 Oakport St., Ste. 200, Oakland, CA 94621
Primary Owners: Steve Schott and Ken Hofmann
tel (510) 638-4900 / fax (510) 562-1633

Network Associates Coliseum (Opened in 1966, Renovated in 1996), shared with the Raiders (NFL)

Total Cost of Renovation:
$225 million

City, County Public Subsidy:
$225 million, 100% of total (general fund)

This reconstruction was part of the Raiders' (NFL) 1996 relocation package.

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Pittsburgh Pirates
PNC Park at North Shore, 115 Federal Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15212
Primary Owner: Kevin McClatchy
tel (412) 321-2827

PNC Park (Opened in 2001)

Total Cost:
$233 million

City, County, State Public Subsidy:
$193 million, 83% of total (gate and concession tax, general fund)

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San Diego Padres
8880 Rio San Diego Dr., Ste. 400, San Diego, CA 92108
Primary Owner: John J. Moores
tel (619) 881-6500 / fax (619) 497-5339

Qualcomm Stadium (Opened in 1967, Renovated in 1997), shared with the Chargers (NFL)

Total Cost of Renovation:
$78 million

City Public Subsidy:
$60 million, 77% of total (general fund)

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San Francisco Giants
Pacific Bell Park, 24 Willie Mays Plaza, San Francisco, CA 94107
Primary Owner: Peter A. Magowan
tel (415) 972-2000 / fax (415) 330-2725

Pacific Bell Park (Opened in 2000)

Total Cost:
$306 million

City Public Subsidy:
$15 million, 5% of total (special financing district)

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Seattle Mariners
83 King St., 3rd Fl., Seattle, WA 98104
Primary Owner: Hiroshi Yamauchi
tel (206) 346-4000 / fax (206) 346-4100

Safeco Field (Opened in 1999)

Total Cost:
$517 million

County, State Public Subsidy:
$393 million, 76% of total (sales tax, hotel and rental car tax, gate and concession tax)

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Tampa Bay Devil Rays
Tropicana Field, One Tropicana Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33705
Primary Owners: Group led by Vincent J. Naimoli
tel (727) 825-3137 / fax (727) 825-3111

Tropicana Field (Opened in 1990)

Total Cost:
$85 million

City (St. Petersburg) Public Subsidy:
$85 million, 100% of total (hotel and motel tax, gate and concession tax, general fund)

Tropicana Field (Renovation completed 1998)

Total Cost of Renovation:
$65 million

City (St. Petersburg), State Public Subsidy:
$51 million, 78.5% of total (hotel and rental car tax, gate and concession tax, general fund)

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Texas Rangers
1000 Ballpark Way, Arlington, TX 76011
Primary Owner: Thomas O. Hicks
tel (817) 273-5222 / fax (817) 273-5174

The Ballpark at Arlington (Opened in 1994)

Total Cost:
$191 million

City (Arlington) Public Subsidy:
$153 million, 80% of total (sales tax, general fund)

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